Comparative Analysis of Pakistani Wheat Germplasm for Primary and Secondary Metabolites

Mahem Jamshed; Saeed Ur Rehman; Muhammad Anas Khan; Abu Baker Sidiq; Nasr Ullah Khan

Comparative Analysis of Pakistani Wheat Germplasm for Primary and Secondary Metabolites

Authors

Mahem Jamshed MSc Hons student, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan,
Saeed Ur Rehman MSc Hons student, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan,
Muhammad Anas Khan MSc Hons student, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan,
Abu Baker Sidiq MSc Hons student, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Nasr Ullah Khan Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Pakistan.

Keywords:

Wheat landrace, Durum wheat, Metabolites, Gluten, Anthocyanin

Abstract

Wheat is a major source of energy and an essential components of daily diet. However, modern wheat varieties are deficient in minerals and primary and secondary metabolites. There is a need to conduct metabolic profiling of Pakistani wheat germplasm locked in germplasm banks. This study was designed to evaluate Pakistani wheat germplasm for primary and secondary metabolites. Ten Pakistani wheat landraces, collected from diverse geographic regions of Pakistan, along ten wheat varieties and ten advanced CIMMYT durum wheat lines, were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at Gomal University D.I. Khan. Primary metabolites (starch, protein and gluten) were determined through Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) while secondary metabolite anthocyanin contents were measured through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that the highest starch contents (60.52±0.09g/100g) were possessed by wheat variety Shahkar, while the highest grain protein (14.46±0.16g/100g) and gluten contents (21.12±0.09g/100g) were possessed by landrace 011179. Similarly, the highest anthocyanin contents (39.46±0.13mg/kg) were also possessed by landrace 011179. Compared to modern wheat varieties and durum wheat lines, wheat landraces exhibited better metabolic profile and significant variations in primary and secondary metabolites, especially grain protein, gluten and anthocyanin contents (p = 0.05). Similarly, significant variation was observed for anthocyanin expression at coleoptile, auricle and anthesis stages (p = 0.05). The expression of anthocyanin in F1 progenies developed from the cross of anthocyanin-rich landrace 011179 and anthocyanin-deficient Khaista variety provides a novel source for use in a breeding program aimed at developing nutritional superior and high-yielding wheat, particularly anthocyanin-rich wheat lines.

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Comparative Analysis of Pakistani Wheat Germplasm for Primary and Secondary Metabolites