Diversification of Rose-Based Products for Sustainable Income Generation and Rural Entrepreneurship
Keywords:
Rosa centifolia, Value-addition, Distillation, Entrepreneurship, AromaticsAbstract
Roses are among the most important aromatic and floricultural crops worldwide, valued not only for their ornamental use but also for their applications in perfumery, cosmetics, food and traditional medicine. This review critically examines value-addition opportunities in roses with special emphasis on Rosa centifolia, a species renowned for its rich aroma and phytochemical composition. The article synthesises global and national trends in rose cultivation and highlights the increasing shift from fresh-flower markets toward processed products that offer higher and more stable economic returns. Major value-added rose products reviewed include essential oils, rose water, dried petals, edible preparations such as gulkand and syrups, as well as medicinal and cosmetic extracts. The review discusses key processing technologies, including steam and hydro-distillation, solvent extraction, drying methods and food-grade preservation techniques, with relevance to small, medium, and large-scale operations. Economic analyses from the literature indicate that processed rose products can significantly outperform fresh flowers in profitability while reducing post-harvest losses and market volatility. The Review article also identifies critical constraints limiting value addition, such as outdated extraction methods, inadequate post-harvest handling, weak supply chains, lack of quality certification and insufficient policy support. Emerging opportunities related to consumer preference for natural and organic products, technological innovation and rural entrepreneurship are highlighted. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive and policy-relevant synthesis, positioning value addition in Rosa centifolia as a viable pathway for income diversification, rural development, and sustainable growth of the floriculture sector.
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