Evaluation of Phytopesticides as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Synthetic Pyrethroids in Grain Protection

Dr Samina Arif; Dr Shazia Nisar; Dr Uzma Mehboob; Dr. Sadaf Tabbasum

Evaluation of Phytopesticides as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Synthetic Pyrethroids in Grain Protection

Authors

Dr Samina Arif Assistant Professor Zoology Department Federal Urdu University, Pakistan
Dr Shazia Nisar Assistant Professor Zoology Department Federal Urdu University, Pakistan
Dr Uzma Mehboob Assistant Professor Zoology Department Federal Urdu University, Pakistan
Dr. Sadaf Tabbasum Assistant Professor Zoology Department Federal Urdu University, Pakistan

Keywords:

Toxicity, Tribolium castaneum, Phytopesticides, Acorus calamus, Eucalyptus oil, Pyrethroid, Glass Film Method

Abstract

Toxicity of two phytopesticides, Acours calamus, Euclaptus oil was observed Glass Film Method (GFM) in different time intervals, 5, 10 and 15 minutes, similary toxicity of pyrethroid Deltamethrin was also observed. The result showed that Deltamethrin was more toxic than phytopesticides, and Euclaptus oil was more toxic than Acorus calamus. Results demonstrated a clear dose- and time-dependent increase in mortality across all treatments. Deltamethrin exhibited the highest toxicity at all exposure periods, confirming its rapid knockdown effect. Among the phytopesticides, Eucalyptus oil showed greater toxicity than Acorus calamus oil, particularly at longer exposure durations. Mortality rates increased substantially with extended exposure time, highlighting the importance of contact duration in toxicity assessment.

Author Biographies

Dr Samina Arif, Assistant Professor Zoology Department Federal Urdu University, Pakistan

Zoology Department Assistant Professor Fedral Urdu University Arts Science and Technology

Dr Uzma Mehboob, Assistant Professor Zoology Department Federal Urdu University, Pakistan

Zoology Department Assistant Professor

Dr. Sadaf Tabbasum, Assistant Professor Zoology Department Federal Urdu University, Pakistan

Zoology Department Assistant Professor

References

Akrami H, 2008. Insecticidal effect of essential oils from Thymus kotschyanus and Mentha longifolia on some stored product Insects. M. Sc Thesis in Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Iran. 97pp.

Adedire C.O. e Akinkurolere R.O. (2005). Bioactivity of some plant extracts on coleopterous pests of stored cereals and grain legumes in Nigeria. Journal of Zoology Research. 26, pp 243-249

Arthur, F. H. 1994. Efficacy of unsynergised deltamethrin and deltamethrin plus chlorpyrifos.

-methyl combinations as protectants of stored wheat and stored corn (maize). J. Stored Prod. Res. 30: 87–94.

Boeke S.J., Van Loon J.J.A., Van Huss A., Kossou D.K. and Dike M., (2001). The use of plant products to protect stored leguminous seeds against seed beetles: A review, Backhuys Publishers, Netherlands, pp.108.

Ceruti, F. C., and S.M.N. Lazzari. 2005. A combination of diatomaceous earth and powder deltamethrin for insect control in stored corn. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 49: 580–583.

Daglish, G. J. 1998. Efficacy of six grain protectants applied alone or in combination against three species of Coleoptera. J. Stored Prod. Res. 34: 263–268.

Hall J.S. and Harman G.E. (2001). Protection of stored legume seeds against attack by storage fungi and weevils: mechanism of action of oilseed treatment. Journal of Crop Protection, 10: pp 375–380

Malek MA, Parveen B, Talukder D. 1996. Insecticidal Properties of four Indigenous plant extracts against adults of the CR-1 strain of Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Bangladesh J Entomol 6(1&2), 7-11

Mondal M, Khalequzzaman M. 2006. Toxicity of essential oils against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Biological Sciences.14: 43-48

Park C, Kim Soon-II, Ahn YJ. 2002. Insecticidal activity of asarones identified in Acorus gramineus rhizome against three coleopteran stored-product insects. J Stored Pro. Res 39(3), 333-342

Talukder, D., Khanam, L.A.M (2009). Toxicity of four plant-based products against three stored product pests. J. Bio-sci. 17: 149-153, 2009 ISSN 1023-8654

Tayoub. G, Alnaser. A. A and Ghanem. I (2012) Toxicity of two essential oils from Eucalyptus globules Labail and Origanum syriacum L. on Larvae of Khapra beetle. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants, ISSN 2249 – 4340 Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 240-245.

Juan. Y.Y., Wanlun. C., Changju. Y., Hongyu.Z., Hongxia. H. (2009) Fumigant toxicity of β-asarone extracted from Acorus calamus against four grain beetles. Acta Entomologica Sinica Vol 52 (4): 453-460.

Evaluation of Phytopesticides as Eco-Friendly Alternatives to Synthetic Pyrethroids in Grain Protection