Evaluation of Synthetic and Bio-Pesticides against Mustard Aphid Lipaphis Erysimi (Kalt) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Canola Cultivars
Keywords:
QTL, , marker-assisted selection, , CRISPR/Cas9, , genomic breeding, , stress resistance, , fibre quality.Abstract
Abstract
The evaluation and efficacy of different pesticides, Actara (Thiamethoxam) 25WG, botanical pesticides (Neem oil and Tobacco leaves extract 3%) against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi in selected canola cultivars (China, Sawabi, KS-75, Oscar, and Cornel-I) was performed during during2023-24. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, using a split-plot design. Two sprays with an interval of 14 days of the selected chemicals were used against L. erysimi upon reaching the ETL level. Results showed that after the first spray minimum mean number of aphids per 10cm shoot (8.53 and 8.19), further SD or SE should have been calculated were recorded with maximum percent reduction (63.38 and 60.88%) of L. erysimi was caused by Thiamethoxam 25WG followed by Neem oil (10.68 and 10.66 aphids per 10cm shoot, 55.28 and 56.24%). Among the varieties after first and second spray applications, KS-75 cultivar sustained minimum mean number of aphid (11.40 and 19.34 aphids per 10cm shoot) and maximum percent reduction (34.90 and 41.86%), while the cultivar ‘Swabi’ was attracted maximum mean number of aphids (31.78 and 50.56 aphids per 10cm shoot) and followed by minimum percent aphid reduction (22.10 and 20.81%) respectively. Moreover, after 14 days of Thiamethoxam 25WG 1st and 2nd spray applications, the mean minimum number of L. erysimi (1.75 and 1.22 aphids per 10cm shoot) was recorded in canola cultivar ‘KS-75’, respectively. A significantly maximum mean number of L. erysimi was recorded 14 days after both 1st and 2nd spray applications in variety ‘Swabi’ in the control plots (86.20 and 166.43 aphids per 10cm shoot, respectively). Tobacco leaf extract (3%) performed on average in both the mean counts and percent reduction of L. erysimi; however, overall maximum mean number with negative percent population reduction in the control plots in all the treatments showed a drastic increase in L. erysimi infestation. All the physiological characteristics of the canola crop, number of sub-branches (28.69), pods (124.71), plant height (88.52) and yield (1159.4 kg.ha-1) were recorded significantly maximum in case of Thiamethoxam 25WG treated cultivar ‘KS-75’, which was followed by variety ‘China’ (27.86, 121.34, 87.57, 1046.4). The same characteristics were found minimum in the case of control plots in variety ‘Swabi’(21.83, 82.62, 67.77, 351.9l) respectively. Thus, it was concluded that Thiamethoxam 25WG proved highly effective against L. erysimi infestations in canola tested cultivars. However, among bio-pesticides, Neem oil (3%) is a better add article ‘a’ alternative against canola aphid. The tested canola cultivars ‘KS-75’ and China are recommended for the farming community based on higher yields.
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